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Sir John Laurence "Jack" Longland (26 June 1905 – 29 November 1993) was an educator, mountain climber, and broadcaster. After a brilliant student career Longland became a don at Durham University in the 1930s. He formed a lifelong concern for the welfare of unemployed people, and after a time working in community service he moved to become an educational administrator, retiring in 1970. Among his achievements was the establishment of White Hall in Derbyshire, the country's first local authority Outdoor Pursuits Centre for young people. As a young man Longland was prominent among British rock-climbers, taking a distinguished part in the 1933 British Mount Everest expedition. Later in life he was active in the affairs of the British Mountaineering Council. Longland was a familiar broadcaster on BBC Radio, appearing regularly from the late 1940s until the 1970s in the long-running ''Round Britain Quiz'', ''Any Questions?'', and the panel game ''My Word!'', which he chaired for twenty years from 1957. ==Life and career== Longland was the eldest son of the Rev E. H. Longland (successively curate of Hagley, vicar of St Paul's, Warwick (1908–16) rector of St Nicholas's Droitwich (1916-27), and vicar of Cropthorne (1927)) and his wife, Emily, elder daughter of Sir James Crockett. Longland was was educated at the King's School, Worcester, and Jesus College, Cambridge, where he was Rustat Exhibitioner and Scholar, won a Blue for pole-vaulting, and gained a first in Part I of the Historical Tripos in 1926,〔"University News", ''The Times'', 26 June 1926, p. 16〕 and first class honours with distinction in the English Tripos in 1927.〔"Obituary: Sir Jack Longland", ''The Times'', 2 December 1993, p. 23〕 After graduating, Longland was elected Charles Kingley bye-fellow of Magdalene College for two years, and then spent a year in Germany as Austausch-student at Königsberg University, where he witnessed the early rise of Adolf Hitler. While still in his twenties Longland established a reputation as a mountaineer. He liked to say that he started out "with a clothes line and a pair of old army boots", but in the words of an obituarist, "as a rock-climber he was brilliant. He will always be remembered for 'Longland's Climb', on Clogwyn du'r Arddu, in Snowdonia, the first route right up that formidable crag. It gave him enormous pleasure to climb that route again with his son over 40 years later."〔Westmacott, Michael. ("Obituary: Sir Jack Longland" ), ''The Independent'', 4 December 1993〕 He was a member of two major British expeditions –in 1933 to Everest and in 1935 to East Greenland.〔 In the words of ''The Times'', "His place in Everest legend remains secure, if only for his 1933 feat in bringing down eight sherpas from Camp Six to Base Camp after a blizzard had produced whiteout conditions obliterating all traces of their upward route."〔 He was invited to go on the 1938 Everest expedition, but declined, being by then heavily involved with public service work in England.〔 Longland's first full time academic post was as lecturer in English at Durham University from 1930 to 1936. In 1934 he married Margaret Lowrey Harrison in a ceremony conducted by the Bishop of Durham (Hensley Henson) assisted by Longland senior and two other clergymen.〔"Marriages", ''The Times'', 3 June 1934, p. 1〕 There were two sons of the marriage.〔("Longland, Sir John Laurence (Sir Jack) )",'' Who Was Who'', Oxford University Press, 2014, retrieved 22 November 2015 〕 During his time at Durham, Longland became increasingly concerned at the social problems caused by the Great Depression and unemployment in the Durham coalfields, and became an active member of the Labour Party.〔 He said later: He left the university to become deputy director of Durham's Community Service Council, taking over as director a year later. From 1940 until his retirement in 1970 he worked in the management of education, as deputy education officer for Hertfordshire (1940–42), director of education for Dorset (1942–49) and for Derbyshire (1949–70). In tandem with his main official duties he was Regional Officer of the National Council of Social Service, 1939–40, president of the Association of Education Officers, 1960–61, and chairman of the Mountain Leadership Training Board, 1964–80.〔 He was also a member of eighteen national commissions, committees and advisory bodies.. In his Derbyshire post in 1950 he set up the first local authority Outdoor Pursuits Centre (White Hall).〔 As a member of the Countryside Commission from 1969 to 1974 he played an important part in bringing increased protection for the countryside responsible, writing the Commission's report that persuaded the government to strengthen the powers of National Park committees.〔Dower, Michael. ("Obituary: Sir Jack Longland" ), ''The Independent'', 11 December 1993〕 In addition to his public service work, Longland was a frequent and popular broadcaster on BBC Radio.〔 In the late 1940s and 1950s he was the chairman of the series ''Country Questions'' in which a team of experts answered listeners' questions about the countryside; he was a panellist and later a question-master on the long-running ''Round Britain Quiz'', and was a frequent member of the ''Any Questions?'' panel. He was in the chair for series for younger listeners, including ''The Younger Generation Question Time'' and ''Summer Parade''. From August 1957 he succeeded John Arlott as chairman of the panel game ''My Word!'', and remained in the role until he retired in December 1977.〔("Jack Longland" ), BBC Genome, retrieved 22 November 2015〕 He was described in ''The Times'' as "the perfect chairman, courteous, receptive, self-effacing and clearly well liked by the team".〔Davalle, Peter. "Personal Choice", ''The Times'', 3 November 1978〕 In 1990 Longland gave an address at a gathering to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Sir George Everest, the surveyor-general of India, after whom the mountain was named. The Royal Geographical Society hosted a gathering of climbers who had made or attempted the ascent of Everest. Among them were Lord Hunt, leader of the first successful British expedition in 1953, and Sir Edmund Hillary, who first climbed the mountain with Tenzing Norgay. Chris Bonington, Doug Scott, Stephen Venables and Harry Taylor talked of the post-war achievements, and Longland spoke about the early attempts on the mountain.〔 Faux Ronald. "Everest heroes hold summit", ''The Times'', 8 November 1990, p. 3〕 Longland was knighted on his retirement in 1970.〔 In his last years he was distressed, in the words of ''The Times'', "to sit by and watch his educational work being undone by successively tougher Conservative secretaries of state." He died at the age of 88. His wife and one of his sons predeceased him.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jack Longland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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